Recent developments in understanding temporomandibular joint disorders. Part 1: Bone marrow abnormalities of the mandibular condyle

Improvements in diagnostic imaging of the temporomandibular joint in the past 20 years have shown that disk displacement is the most frequent abnormality in patients with joint pain and dysfunction. The aetiology of the pain is poorly understood. Recent studies with magnetic resonance imaging have demonstrated a number of other changes in the TMJ. In this paper I review the possible significance of alterations in the condylar bone marrow and its relationship to osteonecrosis.