Femtosecond studies of 3-hydroxyflavone complexed to a hydrogen-bonding solvent show that competitive inter- and intramolecular proton-transfer reactions are responsible for the production of (A) anionic and (Z) zwitterionic structures of the dye, in the femto- and picosecond timescales, depending on the strength of the intermolecular interactions with the solvent (see figure).
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Douhal et al. (2005) studied this question.
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