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• The study reveals gender-specific patterns in the use of identity manipulation during online grooming. • The nuanced and varied use of identity deception highlights the urgent need for prevention programs to move beyond simplistic “stranger danger” messages toward scenario-based education that reflects the complexity of offender strategies. • For male victims, impersonation frequently functioned as a sexual access strategy that leverages heteronormative expectations to reduce resistance. • For female victims, identity deception often operated as a mechanism for building trust and emotional leverage, sometimes facilitating retaliatory or coercive behaviors.
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Santos-Hermoso et al. (2026) studied this question.
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