The development of efficient gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) using low-cost materials is an important task to increase the commercial attractiveness of metal–air batteries. The use of carbon materials such as commercial grade activated carbons, laboratory carbon activated with sodium hydroxide, and laser-induced graphenes (LIG) in the active layer of GDE has been investigated. It has been shown that the efficiency of GDE in alkaline electrolyte correlates with the total surface area of micro- and mesopores of the used activated carbon. It has been established that small additions of LIG (~5%) improve the characteristics of the electrodes, making this material promising for use in metal–air batteries.
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Shkol’nikov et al. (2026) studied this question.
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