Key result
Latrunculin reduces spliced LMP2 transcripts in EBV-positive cells, implicating nuclear actin in viral RNA splicing.
Why the study?
The pre-mRNA of Epstein-Barr virus LMP2 has an unusual RNA structure across two exons and an intervening intron, suggesting RNA folding might affect splicing through interactions with human regulatory proteins.
Nuclear actin may play a novel role in the regulation of viral RNA splicing, specifically for EBV LMP2 pre-mRNA.
Should not change clinical practice; leaves open nuclear actin's role in EBV splicing for validation.
OBJECTIVE: The pre-mRNA of the Epstein-Barr virus LMP2 (latent membrane protein 2) has a region of unusual RNA structure that partially spans two consecutive exons and the entire intervening intron; suggesting RNA folding might affect splicing-particularly via interactions with human regulatory proteins. To better understand the roles of protein associations with this structured intronic region, we undertook a combined bioinformatics (motif searching) and experimental analysis (biotin pulldowns and RNA immunoprecipitations) of protein binding. RESULT: Characterization of the ribonucleoprotein composition of this region revealed several human proteins as interactors: regulatory proteins hnRNP A1 (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1), hnRNP U, HuR (human antigen R), and PSF (polypyrimidine tract-binding protein-associated splicing factor), as well as, unexpectedly, the cytoskeletal protein actin. Treatment of EBV-positive cells with drugs that alter actin polymerization specifically showed marked effects on splicing in this region. This suggests a potentially novel role for nuclear actin in regulation of viral RNA splicing.
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Kumarasinghe et al. (2019) studied Epstein-Barr virus infection. Latrunculin vs. Untreated control was evaluated on Spliced LMP2 transcript levels (p=<0.05). Treatment of EBV-positive cells with latrunculin significantly decreased the levels of spliced LMP2 transcripts, suggesting a role for nuclear actin in viral RNA splicing.
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