Key result
Panic disorder links to poorer cardiorespiratory fitness and higher perceived exertion during submaximal exercise.
Why the study?
Does submaximal exercise elicit different cardiorespiratory responses and perceived exertion in patients with Panic Disorder compared to healthy controls, and are these related to psychological variables?
Case-Control (n=20)
Does submaximal exercise elicit different cardiorespiratory responses and perceived exertion in patients with Panic Disorder compared to healthy controls, and are these related to psychological variables?
Patients with Panic Disorder exhibit poorer cardiorespiratory fitness and higher perceived exertion during submaximal exercise compared to healthy controls, independent of psychological variables.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
May inform cautious exercise protocols in panic disorder; Level 4 evidence leaves open causality and need for trials.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible influence of psychological variables on cardiorespiratory responses and perceived exertion of patients with Panic Disorder (PD) during a submaximal exercise test. METHOD: Ten outpatients with PD and 10 matched healthy subjects walked up on a treadmill slope at a speed of 4 km/h in order to reach 65% of their maximum heart rate. Cardiorespiratory variables were continuously recorded. Before the exercise, the state and trait anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores), fear of physical sensations (Body Sensation Questionnaire scores), and fear of autonomic arousal (Anxiety Sensitivity Index scores) were assessed; during the exercise, levels of anxiety (VAS-A) and exertion (Borg Scale CR 10) were measured. RESULTS: Compared to controls, patients reached earlier the target HR and the ventilatory threshold, showed lower oxygen consumption, higher HR and lower within-subject standard deviations of HR (a measure of cardiac variability). Exertion was also higher, and there was a significant correlation between breathing frequency, tidal volume and HR. No significant associations were found between cardiorespiratory response, perceived exertion, and psychological variables in patients with PD. CONCLUSION: Although patients with PD presented poor cardiorespiratory fitness and were required to spend more effort during physical exercise, this did not appear to be related to the psychological variables considered. Further studies with larger groups are warranted.
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Caldirola et al. (2011) conducted a case-control in Panic Disorder (n=20). Panic Disorder vs. Matched healthy subjects was evaluated on Cardiorespiratory responses and perceived exertion. Patients with Panic Disorder exhibited poorer cardiorespiratory fitness and higher perceived exertion during submaximal exercise compared to healthy controls, unrelated to psychological variables.
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