Two-terminal (2T) monolithic CIGS/perovskite tandem solar cells exploit complementary light-absorption characteristics to approach the theoretical Shockley-Queisser (SQ) efficiency limit (~ 45%), with recently reported highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 31.09% and a certified PCE of 30.57%. Nevertheless, surface and interface defects remain the critical loss mechanism, inducing non-radiative recombination, reducing open-circuit voltage (V
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HOHARA et al. (1973) studied this question.