Key result
High depressive symptoms, severe pain, and baseline fatigue predict major depressive episodes at one year.
Cohort (n=503)
High baseline depressive symptoms, severe pain, and fatigue are significant predictors of developing a major depressive episode within one year in middle-aged women.
May support targeted screening in middle-aged women; hypothesis-generating and requires prospective validation before practice change.
Pain complaints and depressive symptoms seem to be risk factors for future depressive episodes. We present a one-year follow-up study on Portuguese women and primary health care (initial sample: n = 503). We used the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), a short questionnaire on pain, and clinical interviews. We used forward stepwise logistic regression analysis to define models that enable the prediction of developing a major depressive episode in the one-year follow-up. We concluded that nondepressed women with (a) high scores (≥28) at the CES-D, (b) a high severity of pain index, and (c) fatigue complaints at the baseline were particularly at risk.
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Gonçalves et al. (2013) conducted a cohort in Depression (n=503). High depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥28), high pain severity, and fatigue was evaluated on Development of a major depressive episode. High depressive symptom scores (CES-D ≥28), high pain severity, and baseline fatigue complaints were identified as risk factors for developing a major depressive episode at one year.
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