Properties of Linear Magnetic Holes at Jupiter Based on Juno Observations

Magnetic holes (MHs) are localized magnetic depressions widely observed in space plasmas and are important for understanding plasma instability, particle dynamics, and energy conversion. Among them, linear magnetic holes (LMHs), defined by strong magnetic depressions with little field rotation, have been reported at several terrestrial planets, but their global properties at Jupiter remain poorly understood. Here, by using 10 yr. of Juno observations, we present the first comprehensive study of LMHs in Jupiter’s space environment. We investigate their spatial distribution, occurrence rate, timescales, and associated electron dynamics and show that LMHs are widespread in both the magnetosheath and magnetosphere and can persist for much longer timescales than those observed at terrestrial planets. Electron measurements reveal diverse pitch-angle distributions dominated by isotropic and field-aligned populations, as well as frequent energetic-electron flux enhancements. These results suggest that Jovian LMHs represent a large-scale extension of MH structures and that their properties depend on plasma environment and system size, providing new constraints on the universality of LMHs across the heliosphere.