Survey study reveals divergent effects of international education and work on firm creation in Canadian-born graduates, indicating distinct impacts of mobility on regional venture formation.
This paper investigates the association between cross-border mobility and entrepreneurial outcomes among university graduates, focusing on international education and international employment as sources of multicultural capital. Using survey data from University of Toronto alumni and focused on Canadian-born graduates, we distinguish between two outcomes: the likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur and the propensity to create firms in Canada. The results show that international education is positively associated with both outcomes, while international employment is negatively associated with establishing firms in Canada. The study contributes to a nuanced understanding of the micro-level mechanisms linking mobility, multicultural capital, entrepreneurship and regional development.
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Breznitz et al. (2026) studied this question.
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