Fe–Al–Ti–Si Equilibria and Kinetics for Steel–Slag Reactions at 1600 °C

Laboratory experiments were used to study the equilibria and kinetics of steel–slag reactions of dilute aluminum, titanium, and silicon under ladle metallurgy conditions at 1600 °C. The laboratory results confirmed the equilibrium states of Al–Si and Al–Ti steel–slag reactions, as previously reported for industrial observations. Commercial thermodynamic databases did not predict the Al–Ti equilibrium correctly. A steel solution model, with modified activity coefficients for Si and Ti, was formulated to compensate for the differences between the predicted and actual equilibria. This solution model also matched the observed laboratory reaction kinetics, for mixed control between steel and slag mass transfer.