Biochemical insights into the role of Vitamin D and adiponectin in glycemic regulation among Egyptian diabetic patients

Adiponectin malfunction and Vitamin D deficiency are often associated with the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). As a result, this study assessed the correlation between adiponectin levels, serum Vitamin D levels, and glycemic control in a unique Egyptian T2DM population. A case-control design involved 100 healthy, age- and sex-matched individuals as well as 100 T2DM subjects. Fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose (FBS), adiponectin, and serum Vitamin D were measured clinically to identify the specific factors that led to poorly controlled diabetes cases. Logistic regression and multifaceted correlation analyses were conducted. Diabetics had significantly lower levels of adiponectin and Vitamin D than the control group (p < 0.001). Vitamin D (p < 0.001) had strong inverse correlations with HbA1c. Moreover, there was a precipitous decrease in vitamin D level among subjects who presented with uncontrolled diabetes compared to controlled patients (p < 0.001). It is worth mentioning that Vitamin D was independently associated with poor glycemic control (adjusted OR = 0.62, p = 0.007). Weaknesses in the glycemic regulation of Egyptian patients with T2DM are strongly associated with a lack of adiponectin and Vitamin D deficiency. These particular metabolic modulators need further investigation as promising treatment options in the future.