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September 14, 2026Respiratory ResearchOpen Access

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles modulate immune activation and preserve microvascular integrity in extrapulmonary sepsis-associated acute lung injury

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Authors

MTMaria TriantafyllouNWNora WolffGDGarrett G Denney

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Overview

Preclinical murine study demonstrates that mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles protect lung microvasculature in sepsis, highlighting a cell-free therapy for acute lung injury.

Key Points

  • To determine whether mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) attenuate acute lung injury and identify transcriptomic mechanisms governing immune and endothelial modulation during extrapulmonary polymicrobial sepsis.
  • Induced acute lung injury via a murine cecal slurry model of extrapulmonary polymicrobial sepsis, benchmarked histopathologically against human septic lung tissue.
  • Administered MSC-EVs post-sepsis induction and assessed respiratory performance, lung histopathology, immune and endothelial cell profiles, transcriptomic pathway changes, and microRNA target prediction.
  • MSC-EV administration significantly improved clinical respiratory performance, reduced alveolar-capillary barrier damage, and preserved pulmonary endothelial populations.
  • Treatment suppressed neutrophil activation, reduced cytotoxic T-cell skewing, and expanded reparative CX3CR1⁺ mononuclear phagocytes.
  • Transcriptomic profiling showed broad pathway normalization, with 54% of suppressed genes identified as predicted targets of MSC-EV-enriched microRNAs.

Cite This Study

Triantafyllou et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aa7b3df0926e14a848b322ehttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-026-03914-w
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