Utilisation and perception towards ABHA ( Ayushman Bharat health account) card in rural areas of East Singhbhum

Background and objectives The Ayushman Bharat Health Account (ABHA) card, launched under the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission, aims to create a unique digital health identity for every citisen to enhance accessibility, transparency, and continuity of care. Limited evidence exists on its utilisation and perception among rural populations in India. We conducted this study to assess the utilisation and perception of the ABHA card among the rural population of East Singhbhum, Jharkhand. Methods A cross-sectional mixed methods study was conducted among 262 participants (16-70) y residing in rural East Singhbhum. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data from open-ended questions were thematically analysed. Results Only 42 (16.8%) of participants reported utilising the ABHA card and received timely benefits with good services. Perceptions were largely neutral, with most respondents (n=107, 40.8%) reporting neutrality on satisfaction and perceived impact. Moderate agreement was noted for improved health access and crisis confidence. Qualitative findings highlighted barriers such as low awareness, incomplete enrolment, and financial constraints, alongside suggestions for community-based awareness and improved monitoring. Interpretation and conclusions The study revealed low utilisation and moderate perception of the ABHA card among rural populations. Enhancing digital literacy, gender-sensitive outreach, and service linkage is essential to realise the ABHA card’s potential in advancing universal health coverage.