What does this research mean for the field?

Frequency-Domain Electromagnetics (FDEM) surveys, specifically using the EM31-MK2, can accurately determine the lateral extents and volumes of buried waste in small trench-and-fill landfills, providing an effective alternative to traditional test-pitting. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.METHODOLOGICAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To evaluate the accuracy and practical utility of Frequency-Domain Electromagnetics (FDEM) for mapping buried waste boundaries and estimating waste volumes in small, remote trench-and-fill landfills.

September 14, 2026Environmental Technology

Assessing the effectiveness of electromagnetic surveying techniques to determine the extent of buried waste in small trench-and-fill landfills

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Authors

GMGregory McKayJulius Blum (Austria)ABAndrew BensonJulius Blum (Austria)AAAhmed AbuHusseinGannon University

Discussion

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Implication

Field evaluation demonstrates accurate lateral buried waste mapping across small trench-and-fill landfills, indicating electromagnetic surveying provides a non-destructive alternative to test pitting.

Key Points

To evaluate the accuracy and practical utility of Frequency-Domain Electromagnetics (FDEM) for mapping buried waste boundaries and estimating waste volumes in small, remote trench-and-fill landfills.
Conducted Frequency-Domain Electromagnetics surveys using an EM31-MK2 instrument across three trench-and-fill landfills in Northern Ontario.
Compared lateral boundary mapping and volume calculations derived from the non-invasive electromagnetic survey directly against concurrent traditional test-pitting programs.
Calculated waste surface areas mapped with the electromagnetic survey were within 6% of test-pitting results, except at one site characterized by extensive thin waste deposits.
Waste volumes estimated from electromagnetic data were within 15% of volumes derived from physical test pits.
Electromagnetic boundary delineation achieved a 70% spatial overlap with the footprint identified by physical test excavation.

Cite This Study

McKay et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aa7b41e0926e14a848b397b https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2026.2729431

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September 14, 2026Environmental Technology

Assessing the effectiveness of electromagnetic surveying techniques to determine the extent of buried waste in small trench-and-fill landfills

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Authors

GMGregory McKayJulius Blum (Austria)ABAndrew BensonJulius Blum (Austria)AAAhmed AbuHusseinGannon University

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

To evaluate the accuracy and practical utility of Frequency-Domain Electromagnetics (FDEM) for mapping buried waste boundaries and estimating waste volumes in small, remote trench-and-fill landfills.
Conducted Frequency-Domain Electromagnetics surveys using an EM31-MK2 instrument across three trench-and-fill landfills in Northern Ontario.
Compared lateral boundary mapping and volume calculations derived from the non-invasive electromagnetic survey directly against concurrent traditional test-pitting programs.
Calculated waste surface areas mapped with the electromagnetic survey were within 6% of test-pitting results, except at one site characterized by extensive thin waste deposits.
Waste volumes estimated from electromagnetic data were within 15% of volumes derived from physical test pits.
Electromagnetic boundary delineation achieved a 70% spatial overlap with the footprint identified by physical test excavation.

Cite This Study

McKay et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aa7b41e0926e14a848b397b https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2026.2729431

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