Review demonstrates advances in soft optical devices across dynamic biological tissues, highlighting new capabilities for bio-integrated sensing and targeted therapeutics.
Key Points
To provide a comprehensive overview of recent developments in bio-integrated flexible photonics, detailing materials, structural designs, fabrication strategies, and biomedical applications.
Surveyed material systems that impart softness, stretchability, and biocompatibility to photonic devices.
Evaluated structural designs and fabrication strategies that preserve optical fidelity under mechanical deformation.
Categorized emerging biomedical implementations across physiological sensing, phototherapy, and tissue interfacing.
Flexible photonic architectures effectively overcome the mechanical mismatch between conventional rigid optical components and soft, curvilinear tissues.
Engineered biocompatible substrates and stretchable geometries sustain high optical performance without eliciting adverse foreign-body responses.
Bio-integrated photonic platforms successfully demonstrate multimodal functionalities, including dynamic biosensing, targeted light-driven therapeutics, and stable biological interfacing.