Design of a versatile nanocomposite for ‘seeing’ drug release and action behavior

core provides a visualization function for the nanocomposite using the atomic-resolution TEM techniques for finding the precise drug action sites and for elucidating the anticancer action mechanism. As we demonstrated, the nanocomposite killed HeLa cells mainly by attacking their nuclear membranes and nuclei. Therefore, the design of the nanocomposite with an integral composition could be suitable for use with existing clinical applications to determine online the drug concentrations in the tissue regions of interest and drug action behavior in real-time.