Novel cage-type azacyclophanes bearing chiral binding sites provided by l- and d-valine residues exhibited discrimination toward steroid hormones in D2O–CD3OD (3:1 v/v), as effected by hydrophobic and π–π interactions. In addition, chirality-based discrimination of α- and β-estradiol was attributed to their different modes of hydrogen bonding with the hosts.
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Murakami et al. (1992) studied this question.
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