Internet technology continues to have a significant impact on digital media such as text, images, audio and video. One effect is the ease of exchange, distribution, and duplication of digital data; on the other hand, this ease also raises the problem of digital data being protected by copyright or digital data is confidential. Watermarking is a solution to the problem of digital data copyright protection. Extensive research on watermarking was conducted before one of them was a hybrid DWT-DCT-SVD. Several studies have found weaknesses in the process of message insertion; for example, the time to insertion of a watermark image is relatively long, particularly for large images. The problem of long message insertion time is that it is necessary to continue research on watermarking to apply the compression process to the original image before the watermark image insertion process is performed. The original image to be inserted into the watermark image is compressed using the run-length encoding algorithm. The result of the RLE compression shows that the image file size becomes large because the image dataset used has various intensity values. The results from watermarking obtained by watermarked images with RLE compression preprocessing have better imperceptibility than watermarked images without preprocessing RLE compression
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Mahiruna et al. (2023) studied this question.
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