Violacein and deoxyviolacein have been isolated from cultures of Alteromonas luteoviolacea. The violacein-type lactams (1) and lactones (3) have a merocyanine chromophore which was confirmed by the effects of substituents on the visible spectra and by HMO calculations. Using parameters derived from an X-ray crystal structure analysis of tetramethylviolacein, PPP calculations of the electronic spectra of violacein and isoviolacein derivatives showed good agreement with observed values.
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Laatsch et al. (1984) studied this question.
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