Dynamics of a HIV-1 Infection model with cell-mediated immuneresponse and intracellular delay

In this paper, we consider a mathematical model for HIV-1infection with intracellular delay and cell-mediated immuneresponse. A novel feature is that both cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs) and the intracellular delay are incorporated into themodel. We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for theglobal stability of the infection-free equilibrium and givesufficient conditions for the local stability of the two infectionequilibria: one without CTLs being activated and the other with.We also perform some numerical simulations which support theobtained theoretical results. These results show that largerintracellular delay may help eradicate the virus, while theactivation of CTLs can only help reduce the virus load andincrease the healthy CD₄⁺ cells population in the long termsense.