Polyphenols from Edible Brown Seaweeds Against Adiposopathy-Associated Metabolic Ailments

Adiposopathy principally characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy in visceral fat pads with excess triglyceride accumulation augments the sickening of adipocyte tissue cells. Adipocyte sickening is the central precursor of chronic-low grade/systemic inflammation and impaired lipid profile in metabolically sick obese patients over metabolically healthy obese subjects. With these pathophysiology alterations, obese patients are susceptible to metabolic syndrome associated with hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, coronary artery atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, cardiac failure, and liver steatosis. Brown seaweeds enriched in all essential nutrients, especially polyphenols, have been widely consumed as a staple diet. In-vitro and in-vivo studies showed polyphenols derived from brown seaweeds could reverse metabolic impairments via attenuating hyperglycemia, inflammation, systolic blood pressure, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. However, human clinical trials remain inadequate to witness the therapeutic potential of brown algal polyphenols against metabolic syndrome, especially adiposopathy-linked metabolic syndrome. The article unveils the therapeutic efficacy of brown algal polyphenols in crude or purified formulations with their effective human therapeutic-dose concentrations 2838 mg/day (crude)/85–177 mg/day (pure fractions) to attenuate adiposopathy-linked metabolic ailments in metabolically unhealthy obese patients.