Key result
Hypertension is linked to a ~27% increase in central systolic blood pressure in adults without CVD.
Why the study?
Central BP predicts mortality independent of office brachial BP, prompting the need to describe reference values and their relationship with cardiovascular risk factors in adults without cardiovascular disease.
Cross-Sectional (n=501)
This study provides reference values for central blood pressure and pulse wave analysis parameters in a healthy Spanish population, demonstrating associations with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and smoking.
Provides central BP references for healthy Spaniards; extends normative data but leaves practice change open.
OBJECTIVES: Central blood pressure (BP) predicts mortality independent of office brachial BP. The aim was to describe reference values for central blood pressure and pulsatile hemodynamic parameters, and their relationship with cardiovascular risk factors in an adult Spanish population without cardiovascular disease. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. We included 501 participants stratified by age and sex by random sampling, with a mean age of 56 years (50.3% women). The SphygmoCor System device's pulse wave analysis software was used to perform the measurements. RESULTS: The following values were obtained: central blood pressure median (109/76 mmHg), central pulse pressure (33 mmHg), pulse pressure amplification (8.5 mmHg), ejection duration (130 ms) and subendocardial viability ratio (163%). All parameters were greater in men, except heart rate and ejection duration. In the logistic regression analysis, controlled for age, sex and taking antihypertensive drugs, being hypertensive was associated with cSBP (OR = 1.265), cDBP (OR = 1.307), cPP (OR = 1.067), pulse wave amplification (OR = 1.034) and SEVR (OR = 0.982); being diabetic was associated with SEVR (OR = 0.982); being obese was associated with cSBP (OR = 1.028) and cDBP (OR = 1.058) and being a smoker was associated with ejection duration (OR = 0.980) and SEVR (OR = 0.984). CONCLUSION: This study provides reference values for central blood pressure and parameters derived from the pulse wave analysis in a random sample of the Spanish population. The only risk factor that is not associated with any of the parameters analysed is dyslipidaemia. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02623894.
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Gómez‐Sánchez et al. (2021) conducted a cross-sectional in Without cardiovascular disease (n=501). Cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking) vs. Absence of respective risk factors was evaluated on Reference values for central blood pressure and pulsatile hemodynamic parameters, and their relationship with cardiovascular risk factors. In Spanish adults without cardiovascular disease, median central blood pressure was 109/76 mmHg, and hypertension was associated with increased central systolic blood pressure (OR 1.265).
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