Interplay between orthopedic interventions and dementia: Dementia risk after total knee replacement

The interplay between orthopedic events and dementia is complicated. A recent Japanese study by Matsumoto et al. revealed that individuals with early-onset dementia faced an increased likelihood of experiencing osteoporotic fractures compared to those without cognitive impairments. 1 As for the reverse direction of orthopedic events–dementia association, integrated evidence showed that osteoarthritis patients were at higher risk of developing dementia and cognitive impairments. 2 However, whether orthopedic surgical interventions, such as joint arthroplasty, influence the onset of dementia remains controversial. Cognitive dysfunction among individuals who underwent total joint arthroplasty was evaluated in recent studies. 3,