Finding the culprits: In situ NMR spectroscopy combined with theoretical calculations show the formation of acetyl species covalently bound to framework oxygen atoms in acid zeolites. These species, and not the usually assumed acylium cations, are the reactive intermediates in Friedel–Crafts acylation and Koch carbonylation reactions on zeolites.
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Lezcano‐González et al. (2013) studied this question.
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