The availability of high-quality membrane modules in a variety of configurations has expanded the range of potential applications for membrane systems. These expanded capabilities make it possible to use membrane systems to solve separation problems that previously could not have been addressed using membrane-based technology. This paper describes the development of three innovative membrane systems for water-recovery applications for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the U.S. military. For each membrane system, the separation problem is outlined, the technology and system are described, the operating data are reported, and potential spinoff applications are discussed.
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Ray et al. (1991) studied this question.
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