Electronic structure of the oxides of lead. Part 2.—An XPS study of bulk rhombic PbO, tetragonal PbO, β-PbO 2 and Pb 3 O 4

XPS studies of the bulk oxides of lead reveal no clear evidence for the presence of the expected two oxidation states of lead in Pb3O4. They also show that the Pb 4ƒ binding energies of the two crystallographic modifications of lead monoxides are the same, within experimental error, but are greater than those for β-PbO2. These results are discussed in the light of lattice potential calculations.