Concept of arteriovenous loupes in high‐risk free‐tissue transfer: history and clinical experiences

The present study describes the concepts of arteriovenous (A-V) loupes prior to microsurgical free flap transfer in a selected high-risk group of patients. A one-stage concept was employed in 26 patients; 5 patients underwent two-stage flap transfer. Seven thrombotic occlusions of the A-V fistula or flap vessels were recorded; 6 patients underwent successful revision. Overall flap survival was 96.8% and compared favorably to reports in the literature. Defect coverage could be achieved in all but one case. It can be concluded from the data that in selected high-risk patient groups, i.e., following radiation, compound trauma, chronic infection, or multiple comorbidities, the creation of an A-V fistula prior to flap transfer may facilitate innovative reconstructive solutions.