Fully Implantable Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

This case report describes the first participant treated with a fully implantable, single-lead peripheral nerve stimulation system for refractory hemiplegic shoulder pain. During the 6-wk trial stage, a temporary lead was placed percutaneously near the terminal branches of the axillary nerve to the deltoid. The primary outcome measure was the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form Question 3, a 0-10 pain numeric rating scale. The participant experienced 75% pain reduction and proceeded to the implantation stage, where he received a single-lead, implantable pulse generator. After 3 wks, the participant became pain-free. However, 7 wks after implantation, the system was turned off because of an unrelated acute medical illness. Hemiplegic shoulder pain reemerged with a Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form Question 3 score of 9. After 11 wks of recovery, peripheral nerve stimulation was reinitiated and the participant became pain-free through the 9-mo follow-up. At 12 mos, Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form Question 3 score was 1. This case report demonstrates the feasibility of a single-lead, fully implantable peripheral nerve stimulation system for refractory hemiplegic shoulder pain.