Most pesticide recommendations for apple orchards have been based on a specified rate per hectare. These recommendations are based on dilute applications of materials in 3740 liters·ha −1 (400 gallons/acre) to trees in a “standard” orchard, which are about 6.1 m (20 ft) high, 7.0 m (23 ft) wide, and 10.7 m (35 ft) between rows (3, 6). Most orchards today do not conform to this standard, and many pesticides are applied at concentrations other than dilute.
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Ross E. Byers (1987) studied this question.
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