Catalyst design for CO2 electroreduction under acidicconditions

CO2 reduction under acidic conditions has progressively gained attention due toadvancements in carbon efficiency. However, acidic conditions present significantchallenges for CO2 reduction, including intensified hydrogen evolution andhampered carbon-carbon coupling. In this review, we examine a broad spectrum ofrecently developed catalyst design strategies aiming at achieving effective CO2 re-duction under acidic conditions. Strategies such as augmenting local cationcon-centration, restricting H+/H2O transport and enhancing intrinsic catalytic activitysuppress hydrogen evolution and facilitate CO2 reduction in alkali-metal-cation-containing systems. Moreover, seeking alternative organic cations to assist CO2RR,reducing surface H+ concentration and developing electrocatalysts operated inpure acids would address the drawbacks associated with alkali metal cations.Fi-nally, we discuss potential future directions for CO2 reduction under acidiccondi-tions.