Experimental observation of a dusty plasma crystal in the cathode sheath of a DC glow discharge plasma

Dusty plasma crystals have traditionally been observed and studied in radio frequency discharge plasmas, and their formation in a DC glow discharge plasma remains experimentally challenging. We report the first ever observation of a stable dusty plasma Coulomb crystal in the cathode sheath region of a DC glow discharge plasma. The observations are made in the dusty plasma experimental (DPEx) device where crystals of mono-disperse melamine formaldehyde grains are produced in the background of an Argon plasma. The crystalline nature of the structure is confirmed through a host of characteristic parameter estimations which includes the radial pair correlation function, Voronoi diagram, Delaunay Triangulation, the structural order parameter, the dust temperature, and the Coulomb coupling parameter. The special features of the DPEx device which permit such a crystal formation are delineated, and some principal physical features of the crystal are discussed.