Natural Enemies of Perthida Glyphopa Common (Lepidoptera: Incurvariidae)

Natural enemies of immature stages of the jarrah leafminer, Perthida glyphopa are listed. Ten species of Hymenoptera were recorded as parasitoids, achieving 54 and 14% mortality of feeding larvae at low and high leafminer population densities in warm and cool climates, respectively. Large feeding larvae were the most preyed upon (33%) by 9 species of birds at intermediate population densities of the leafminer. At high population density, 3 species of ants collected some 30% of the fallen mature larvae and a further 21% were eaten by earwigs, carabid beetles and ants during summer aestivation.