Superplastic behavior of a fine-grained Mg−Gd−Y−Ag alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing

An extruded Mg−6Gd−3Y−1.5Ag (wt %) alloy was processed by 6 passes of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) at 553 K using route Bc to refine the microstructure. Electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed a fully recrystallized microstructure for the extruded alloy with a mean grain size of 8.6 µm. The microstructure of the ECAP-processed alloy was uniformly refined through dynamic recrystallization (DRX). This microstructure contained fine grains with an average size of 1.3 µm, a high fraction of high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs), and nano-sized Mg5Gd-type particles at the boundaries of the DRXed grains, detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). High-temperature shear punch testing (SPT) was used to evaluate the superplastic behavior of both the extruded and ECAP-processed alloys by measuring the strain rate sensitivity (SRS) index (m-value). While the highest m-value for the extruded alloy was measured to be 0.24 at 673 K, the ECAP-processed alloy exhibited much higher m-values of 0.41 and 0.52 at 598 and 623 K, respectively, delineating the occurrence of superplastic flow. Based on the calculated average activation energy of 118 kJ mol−1 and m-values close to 0.5, the deformation mechanism for superplastic flow at the temperatures of 598 and 623 K for the ECAP-processed alloys was recognized to be grain boundary sliding (GBS) assisted by grain boundary diffusion.