The connotation and assessment framework of national park ecosystem integrity：A case study of the Amur Tiger and Leopard National Park

Background: Ecosystem integrity is one of the management goals of China's national parks, and ecosystem integrity is also one of the criteria when planning the national park territory.However, the interpretation of the term "ecosystem integrity" as well as a standard assessment framework has not yet reached a consensus.Aims: This paper aims to put forward a comprehensive interpretation of the term "ecosystem integrity" based on previous literature.We also present a succinct and efficient framework to assess the ecosystem integrity of China's national parks.We suggest that structure and process integrity, functional integrity, and spatial pattern integrity should be considered when assessing the ecosystem integrity of a national park.We then applied the framework to evaluate the ecosystem integrity of the Amur Tiger and Leopard National Park in China. Results and Discussions:Results indicate that since the establishment of the national park system pilot, there are complete food chains with the Amur tiger and Amur leopard as top carnivores within the national park pilot territory.Also, a great amount of Amur tiger and Amur leopard have returned and resettled back to China from Russia.Population sizes of both Amur tiger and Amur leopard, their habitat quality, and their regional biodiversity have steadily •论坛• 生态系统原真性和完整性专题