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In recent years natural biosurfactants have attracted attention because of their low toxicity, biodegradability, and ecological acceptability. However, for reasons of functionality and production cost, they are not competitive with chemical surfactants. Use of inexpensive substrates can drastically decrease the production cost of biosurfactants. This review describes the use of unconventional carbon sources for biosurfactant production. These sources include urban as well as agroindustrial wastes. With suitable engineering and microbiological modifications, these wastes can be used as substrates for large‐scale production of biosurfactants.
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Makkar et al. (1999) studied this question.
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