Sustainability: Electrocatalysis will play a key role in a proposed man-made, sustainable future. An energy infrastructure without using fossil fuels is a blue map. It can be a hydrogen-based energy system, involving the hydrogen production from solar-driven water electrolysis and the hydrogen fuel cell, or it can be a closed carbon cycle using carbon dioxide electrolysis techniques. Zero-carbon emission cannot be achieved without electrocatalysis.
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Xu et al. (2020) studied this question.
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