In the common approach to the design of microstrip antennas, the designers rely on data provided in the manufacturers' specifications, even though such specifications are confined to standard environmental conditions. In practice, the electrical parameters of the substrates may deviate from the manufacturers' data, thus making the antenna designer adopt a deficient design strategy. In the study reported, microstrip substrates were exposed to large temperature variations and their temperature dependent properties were measured in a specialized laboratory for dielectric materials. The results include plots of the dielectric constant and dissipation factor for wide temperature ranges equivalent to those in airborne applications. On the basis of this experimental data, the substrates were divided into four categories according to their dielectric constant value and its temperature dependence. Using both manufacturers' data and the measured values, a series of microstrip dual-feed aperture-coupled patch antennas were designed for the four categories of substrates and the sensitivity of their electrical performance due to temperature variations was fully investigated.
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Kabacik et al. (1999) studied this question.