Oxide films on Al and an Al-Sn alloy were analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) after immersion in 3.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. Results showed Sn exhibited both Sn2+ and Sn4+ oxidation states in the oxide film. It was proposed that incorporation of these cations in the film would result in generation of more anionic and cationic vacancies in aluminum oxide (Al2O3), leading to active dissolution of Al.
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Venugopal et al. (1997) studied this question.
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