VIPER grinding was developed by Rolls Royce in collaboration with the Grinding Division of Makino-NCMT as a replacement for creep feed grinding of Inconel and other nickel-based alloys using CBN wheels. Using inexpensive vitrified aluminum oxide wheels of small diameter mounted in the spindle of a horizontal machining center (HMC), VIPER grinding has been shown to be 10 times faster at removing metal than milling. To fully understand the potential of the VIPER technology, the paper describes the features of several machining centers including the Makino A55, the Makino A99, and the Makino A100.
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M. Venables (2006) studied this question.
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