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September 15, 2026Journal of Sports Sciences

Systematic review of the effects of concurrent training on maximal oxygen uptake and skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptation: A meta-analysis

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Authors

YZYong-Cai ZhaoHZHan-Bing ZhangWWWen-Long Wang

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Overview

Meta-analysis reveals similar aerobic and mitochondrial gains between concurrent and endurance training, indicating strength work does not hinder endurance unless endurance volume is reduced.

Key Points

  • To determine whether concurrent resistance and endurance training impairs maximal oxygen uptake and skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations compared to endurance training alone.
  • Conducted a PRISMA-guided systematic search across PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and CBM databases.
  • Calculated standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals to evaluate VO2max and muscle mitochondrial biomarkers between concurrent training and endurance-only regimens.
  • Overall VO2max gains showed no significant difference between concurrent training and endurance training alone (SMD: −0.12, 95% CI: [−0.28, 0.05], p > 0.05).
  • Concurrent training with reduced endurance volume significantly attenuated VO2max improvements in untrained individuals (SMD: −0.32, 95% CI: [−0.62, −0.02], p < 0.05) and interventions spanning 16 weeks (SMD: −0.63, 95% CI: [−1.21, −0.06], p < 0.05).
  • Skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations—including citrate synthase activity, state 3 respiration, protein synthesis rate, and PGC-1α mRNA expression—demonstrated no significant differences between training modalities (all p > 0.05).

Cite This Study

Zhao et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aa9132f9013453be30a0fb7https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2026.2732611
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