Computational modeling study demonstrates dynamic fire evolution and water-mist mitigation in containerized battery storage, highlighting targeted suppression strategies.
Key Points
To develop an integrated dynamic risk assessment and numerical simulation framework that evaluates fire spread and water-mist suppression mechanisms in containerized lithium-ion battery energy storage stations.
Coupled grey relational analysis to weight personnel, equipment, environmental, management, and informational risk factors with a system dynamics model to evaluate temporal risk progression.
Used Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) to model combustion dynamics and smoke behavior within a 30 ft containerized battery storage compartment under unsuppressed and water-mist suppressed scenarios.
Identified the central fire source and battery module layer as primary locations for gas-phase high-temperature accumulation and lateral flame propagation.
Demonstrated that unsuppressed fire remains localized at 3.0 s, spreads across module layers between 30.0 s and 50.0 s, and reaches a stable high-temperature distribution after 70.0 s.
Found that water mist restricts spatial fire spread and suppresses smoke-layer growth via evaporative cooling, attenuation of thermal radiation feedback, and disturbance of the hot smoke layer.