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September 15, 2026UniverseOpen Access

Complexity and Structure Scalars of Generalized Vaidya Spacetime

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Authors

SCSamarjit ChakrabortyRGRituparno GoswamiUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalSMSunil D. MaharajUniversity of KwaZulu-Natal

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Implication

Theoretical analysis demonstrates negative complexity factors for pure Type II matter in generalized Vaidya spacetime, highlighting fundamental differences between matter field classes.

Key Points

  • To calculate gravitational complexity and derive the structure scalars of a Type II fluid in generalized Vaidya geometry.
  • Applied a general semi-tetrad 1+1+2 covariant framework to evaluate structure scalars of a Type II fluid.
  • Calculated the gravitational complexity factor using the Misner–Sharp mass and dynamic matter variables.
  • Derived the propagation, evolution, and wave equations governing structure scalars and the gravitational mass of the 2-shell.
  • Identified a non-trivial class of generalized Vaidya spacetimes characterized by vanishing gravitational complexity.
  • Demonstrated that Vaidya spacetime sourced by a pure Type II matter field yields a negative complexity factor, unlike Type I fields.
  • Established the kinematic interdependencies among structure scalars through their propagation and evolution equations.

Cite This Study

Chakraborty et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aa913ba9013453be30a1cb1https://doi.org/10.3390/universe12090279
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