Microwave radiometer based on zero and differential measurement methods with high measurement rate

A block diagram of a new high-speed microwave radiometer implemented on the zero and differential measurement methods are presented. The advantages of the simultaneous use of two measurement methods are shown: invariance to changing noise temperature and gain of the receiver when measuring slowly varying antenna noise temperature, and increased speed when measuring fast radio-thermal processes. A comparison of the operation of the proposed microwave radiometer in zero and modulation modes is illustrated.