HIV infection and risk behaviors among intravenous drug users in low seroprevalence areas in the Midwest.

We studied behavioral factors that place intravenous drug users at risk for the acquisition and transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a sample of 855 individuals not in drug treatment, living in central and southwestern Ohio. The HIV seropositivity rate for the sample was 1.5%. Three factors were significantly related to HIV infection: homeless shelter residence (odds ratio [OR] = 7.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.0-20.0), travel to northeastern HIV hyperendemic areas (OR = 5.2, 95% CI = 1.8-15.4), and recent male homosexual or bisexual behavior (OR = 11.2, 95% CI = 2.9-43.9).