Usnic acid (the most abundant lichen constituents), physodic, and physodalic acids isolated from Hypogymnia enteromorph (Ach.) Nyl. were tested for mutagenicity in the Ames Salmonella/microsome assay. Physodalic acid exhibited clear dose-related mutagenicity against Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 100 with or without S9 mix in both plate-incorporation and preincubation assays. The addition of S9 mix increased the number of revertants approximately threefold and fourfold in preincubation and plate-incorporation assays, respectively.
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Shibamoto et al. (1984) studied this question.
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