Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) homopolymer nanotube array with the desired ferroelectric β-phase is fabricated in an anodic alumina membrane (AAM) template. The results indicate that the hydrogen bonds between the AAM surface hydroxyl groups and PVDF molecules promote the formation of the β phase. A significantly improved effective piezoelectric coefficient d 33 of −19.2 pm/V is obtained over the thin film counterpart with a solid substrate.
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Li et al. (2013) studied this question.
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