Dysregulation of miR-411 in cancer: Causative factor for pathogenesis, diagnosis and prognosis

MiRNA accounts for 1-3% of genes but regulates more than 30% of gene expression in humans. This article analyzes the current deficiencies and challenges of miR-411 research and looks forward to the prospects of miR-411 in cancer. MiR-411 is a non-coding RNA located on chromosome 14. MiR-411 is abnormally expressed in a variety of cancers. The dysregulation of miR-411 can affect cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, colony formation, etc. miR-411 can be regulated by different lncRNAs and circRNAs. By targeting multiple genes, miR-411 participates in the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The expression of miR-411 is related to the diagnosis, prognosis, and sensitivity of drugs in cancer patients. In conclusion, this work outlines the molecular mechanisms and cellular functions of aberrant expression of miR-411 and its target genes in cancer to reveal its potential value in diagnosis, prognosis, and drug sensitivity.