Retrospective analysis of changes of vaginal microecology in women at different physiological stages

Through retrospective analysis of the results of morphology and function of vaginal secretions in women, to understand the characteristics and differences of vaginal microecology in women at different physiological stages. Select women (n = 184) who had their first gynecological outpatient visit between January 1, 2018, and April 30, 2024, have a sexual history, and meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to the STRAW + 10 standard and whether they have symptoms such as vulvar itching and abnormal leukorrhea, they were divided into asymptomatic group (n = 118), including premenopausal group (n = 43), perimenopausal syndrome Group I (n = 33), menopausal group (n = 42), and perimenopausal syndrome Group II with symptoms of vulvar itching and abnormal leukorrhea (n = 66). Collect vaginal secretions from each female in the above groups for morphological and functional analysis. Lactobacillus morphology, Gardnerella morphology, pH, and hydrogen peroxide positivity were significantly different in perimenopausal syndrome groups I and II, respectively (P < 0.05); in asymptomatic women, Lactobacillus morphology and Gardnerella morphology were significantly different from perimenopausal syndrome group I and menopausal group, respectively, in the premenopausal group (P < 0.05); in addition, Gram-negative bacilli in perimenopausal syndrome group I were significantly different from premenopausal and menopausal groups, respectively (P < 0.05). In addition, the decrease or absence of lactobacilli and the increase of Gardnerella positive rate are the main characteristic changes of vulvar pruritus and abnormal leucorrhea in perimenopausal syndrome women.