Infant cranial molding deformation and sleep position: Implications for primary care

Infant positional plagiocephaly, a cranial molding deformity expressed by asymmetrical head shape, is on the rise. The increase correlates with the recommendation by the American Academy of Pediatrics that infants be placed on their backs to sleep to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. The majority of misshapen heads develop because infants are placed to sleep in the same supine position, without head rotation. Infant molding deformities will generally improve with repositioning and cranial growth, but permanent deformation can occur, especially without early treatment. This article informs pediatric practitioners about positional plagiocephaly, offers preventative and treatment interventions, and reviews treatment options.